Railway draft appliance



'7 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 22, 1957 4INVENTOR- Williom T. Blake ATTORNEY July 12, 1960 w. T. BLAKE 2,944,681

RAILWAY DRAFT APPLIANCE Filed July 22, 1957 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 l S u Wr Q5 #QQ m Q NIS l l t S l. n L

/ .i l "o william T. Blakel INVENTOR ATTORNEY 'T Sheets-Sheet 5 July l2, 1960 w. T. BLAKE RAILWAY DRAFT APPLIANCE Filed July 22. 1957 July 12, 1960 w. T. BLAKE RAILWAY DRAFT APPLIANCE 7 Sheets-Sheet 4l Filed July 22, 1957 William T. Blake INVENTOR ATTORNEY W. T. BLAKE RAILWAY DRAFT APPLIANCE July 12, 1960 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed July 22, 1957 INVENTOR ATTORNEY William T. Blake H ...n ...www

July 12, 1960 i w. 1'. BLAKE 2,944,681

RAILWAY DRAFT APPLIANCE;

Filed July 22, 1957 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Maz \\//2 AX/// /A// INVENTOR William T. Blake BY MPa-9.13 j

ATTORNEY July 12, 1960 Filed July 22. 1957 w. fr. BLAKE RAILWAY DRAFT APPLIANCE 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 lwinmm. BIINVENTOR oke ATTORNEY Unite fecting coupling.

. 2,944,681 RAILWAY DRAFT APTLIANCE 'William T. Blake, l4424 Morris Court, Fort worth, Tex.

p mieli-Jury 22, 1951, senno. 6,737,233 j 24 claims.. (ci. 21a-43)' This invention relates to railw'ayfdraft appliancesand more particularly to arailway'draft gear incorporating a hydraulic buffer mechanism. l J A f This application is a'continuation-in-partof my prior copending yapplication' Serial No. 600,977, led, July 30, 1956, for Hydraulic Mechanism, said application Serial No. 600,977 being ar continuation-impart.of'my prior copending application Serial No. 479,'546,V `now-abandoned, led January 3, 1955,' for Hydraulic Mechanism.

It is well known that railway cars, particularly freight cars, are subjected to manyimpacts orf Shocksfof relatively great magnitude and that such impacts or shocks are amplified or multiplied by the number of cars ina given train. This is due in` part to the fact that there isv a certain amountjof slack between the couplers of the cars.

The cars tend to bunc or crowd together' on Patented'gluly 12; 1960 icc.

' in which the several parts of the mechanism are con' slowing or stopping of the prime mover orengine, on

down grades and on enteringcurvenwhereby eaehvcar bumps the cary forwardly thereof jand the combined impact of all of said cars is transmitted to the slower traveling foremost car. On initial movement or acceleration of the engine, on up grades and on leaving curves, the cars tend to stretch or move away from one another so as to be jerked by the faster traveling cars thereahead and the combined stress or relative' movement of all of -the cars is exerted upon the rearmost car..v Manifestly, these impacts or shocks damage the cars and particularly their contentsas Well as wear the couplersto thereby"v produce greater impacts or shocks in the future. Also, .other equipment and machinery are subjected tosimilar shocks dueto sudden stops, impacts', or changes yin thedir'ection of movement. Y l Y Moreoverfwhen freight trains aremade up severe impact stressesare set up in the couplers and draft, gear and great shocks are imparted to the contents of the cars when cars are moved intoA impact with each other in' ef- Accordingly, one object of the invention is to provide an improved draft applianceI for railway cars of such co'nstruction as to b e particularly adapted to reduce appreciably the impacts or shocks .exerted on railway carsand their contents when such cars are made up into trains and the trains are moved upon the tracks. I f A;

A particular object of the invention is to Vprovide'an improved hydraulically-bufered draft appliance capable of being readily installed in the center sill of a conventional railway car. s

Another object of the invention is to provide an im'- proved draft appliance having means for mounting the hydraulic buffer mechanism in the railway car so that the buffer mechanism will function properly under all conditions oftrain operation and so thatthe buffer mechanism will Vbe properly protected from undue stresses.

An'important object of the invention is. to provide an Veniently assembled to form a rigid and sturdy device. j

Another object of the invention is to provide a novelv hydraulic mechanism.

The/foregoingand other aims,-objects and advantages of the invention as may appear hereinafter, are realized in a railway carhaving a center sill and-the like including a draft appliancehaving a housing supported in and vslidable longitudinally in the center sill.v The housing encloses a hydraulic bulfer mechanism having an operating rod extending rearwardly from the housing. The operating rod is anchored at its rearward end to the center sill. Complementaryv stopmeanscarried by the housing and center sill limit forward and rearward movement of the housing in the center sill. A coupler or the like is provided forapplyingbutfand draft forces to the housing. i .As will be pointed Voutmore fullyfhereinafterfsprings are `associated with the draft appliance housing Yand center siurging the housing to a neutral position in the center The invention also provide aum'que arrangement for attachment of the couplershank to the housing ofthe draft sealing means for the piston rodof the shock-resisting appliance. A

of theldraft appliance roftheipr'esent invention embodies improvements contributing to .the over-all 'efliciency -of operation of the invention. The means for mounting the hydraulic mechanism in the housing of the appliance will be developed more fully hereinafter.

Theppresent 'invention also involves improvements in means for sealing the operating rod o r'piston rod where `it passesV through the wall kof the housing. Other features of the :present invention will appear as the description proceeds and are .particularly pointed out intheclaims. I 1' .l @Exemplary forms ofthe inventionareillustrated in the drawings in whichi d Fig. l is a plan view of a portion of a draft appliance in accordance withthe invention installed in the center silll of a railway car, Ysomeparts being broken away and others being shown in medial transverse section;

Fig. 2 isa side'elevational view of the .draft appliance shown in Fig; l, certain parts being shown in vertical axial section;

Fig. 3 is a'view similar to Fig. 2 of the draft appliance with the parts being shown in ,a different operative posi tion; L". Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view onvan enlarged scale of the hydraulic mechanism` embodied in the draft appliance of Figs. 1 to13; f 'A f.

Fig. 5 is a sectional' view of the hydraulic mechanism taken lalongthe lineS-S of Fig. 4; i, Y l.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 4 of the hy-y d raulic mechanisml showing theY parts in Ya different operative position; v l

Fig. 7 is a horizontal sectional view on a still furtherY Fig. 8 is a view similarto Fig. .7 showing the parts in'.

another operative position;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along the line 9-9 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 10 is a sectional view taken along the line 10-10 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 11 is a side elevational view on yet a further enlarged scale of the front end wall of the cylinder of the hydraulic mechanism shown in Figs. y4 to 6, parts being broken away to show details of construction;

Fig. 12 is an enlarged, fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 12-12 of Fig. 9;

Fig. 13 is an enlarged, fragmentary sectional view of a check valve forming a part of the bellows seal of the hydraulic mechanism of Figs. 4 to 6;

Fig. 14 is 'an enlarged, fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 14-14 of Fig. 49;

Fig. 15 is an-'enlarged, fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 15415 of Fig. 9;

Fig. 16 is a sectional view taken along the line 116--16 of Fig. 17 showing certain details of the piston and cylinder construction of the hydraulic mechanism, assembly views of which vappear in Figs. 4 to 6;

Fig.V 17 is a sectional View taken along the line 1.7-417 ofFig. 16 vshowing the 'piston in full view; and

Fig. 18 is a fragmentary view of another form of piston rod sealing arrangement for the hydraulic mechanism.

The Vdraft appliance of the invention as shown in Figs. 1 to 3 is adapted to be operatively associated with the center sill 20 of Ian ekisting vrailway car. The center sill vhas the usual draft gear pocket 21 that is open at thegfront lend 22. A housing 23 is slidingly received in the draft gear pocket of the center sill. The front end 24 of the housing projects forwardly from the draft gear pbcket and is 'provided with a striker collar 25 that is integral with the housing. A striker plate 26 surrounds face of the striker plate is adapted to engage the rear face of the striker collar, as shown in Fig. 3, 'to limit rearward movement of the housing in the center sill.

M A pair of slotted side plates 27, 27 are welded, or otherwise suitably secured, to the side walls of the center sill just `to the rear of the striker plate 26. Longitudinal slots 28 are formed in the side plates and corresponding slots 29 are cut through the sidewalls of the center sill as shownin Figs. 7 and 8. A transverse key 30 extends horizontally 'through the lhousing 23 and is mounted in slots 31 inthe housing (see Figs. 7 and 8) that closely confine `the key and make it, in eifect, a lpart of the housing that moves back and forthwith the housing 4as it `s lides in the center sill. Reinforcing blocks 32 are welded to the interior side walls of lthe housing. These blocks surround the key and aid in securing it to the housing.

As shown in Fig. 7, the parts are in full pullout position and `it will be seen that the key 3i) abuts the forward walls of the slots 28 and 29 thereby to limit forward movement of the housingrin the center sill. In contrast, Fig. 8 shows the parts in full inward position with the striker Vcollar 25 in abutment with the striker plate 26 to limit rearward movement of the housing 23 in the center sill.

Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate the manner in which the coupler 33 is mounted in the draft appliance. The coupler has a rearwardly extending shank 34 "having a transverse slot 35 Vthrough which the key 30' extends. On the coupler shank just to the rear of the coupler knuckles isa shank collar 36. As will be understood from consideration of Fig. 7, the `coupler Vmay pivot to a limited extent horizpontally about 4the draft key 30. The rear wall 37 lof the slot 35 in the coupler shank is slightly curved 'as shown to allow the coupler to'pivotabout the key 30. The front wall 33 of the slot 35 is spaced sufficiently infront ofthe front of ythe key 30 to `permit suchY pivotal movement to take place. Moreover,` the forward end of -theshank passes through a slot 39 in the striker c ollar 25 which is Wide "eno'g'h to permit "the limited pivotal movement A striker collar 25.

'35 the front opening of the draft geai pocket and the front 4 required of the coupler to allow a railway car including the draft appliance to negotiate a curvein the track. The forward face 40 of the striker collar 25 is cylindrically curved with the axis of the cylinder correspond` ing approximately to the virtual pivotal axis of the coupler. The rear face 41 of the shank collar 36 is provided with a complementary concave cylindrical surface.

From an inspection of Fig. 7, it will be seen that the distance from the rear wall 37 of the shank slot 35 to the rear face k4l of the shank collar 36 is somewhat greater than the distance from the lrear edge of the key 30 to the'forward face 40 of the striker collar 25. Thus, in the full pull-out position of Fig. 7, it is seen that there is a gap between the striker collar 25 and the shank collar 36 and that draft forces are transmitted to the housing 23' and also to the center sill 20 solely through the key 30 which is engaged by the rear wall 37 of lthe coupler shank ,slot 35. Y

A consideration of Fig. 8 shows that the distance from the front wall 38 of the shank slot 35 to the rear -face of the shank collar 36 is less than the distancefrom vthe front edge of draft key 30 to the forward face 40 of the Owing to these relationships, it Iis evident that, with the parts inthe full buff position shown in Fig. 8, buff forces are transmitted from the coupler through the shank collar 36'to the striker collar 525 of the housing and thence to the striker plate Z6 -at lthe front end of the center sill.

In positions intermediate full pull-out Yand full vbuif position, the forces in buff are transmitted to the housing 23 from the coupler through the shank collar 36 and the striker collar 25 integral with the housing..v In Fig. 8, it will be seen that the -rear wall -37 of the slot 35 -in the coupler shank is spaced slightly to the rear of the rear edge of the key 30 and that the front wall A3S ofthe slot is spaced substantially forwardly from the front edge of the key. It will also be vobserved thatthe rear edge of the key 36 is spaced slightly forwardly of the rear Walls 42 of the longitudinal slots 28 and 29. Thus, no buff forces are transmitted to the housing or thecenter sill through the draft key 3%. y

Figs. l and 2 show the draft appliance of the invention in so-called neutral position, and Fig. 3 shows the draft appliance in full buif position. These gures illustrate the arrangement of a spring system that urges the draft appliance to assume its neutral position when displaced Vtherefrom in either direction. In the neutral position, the housing 23 is located so that 'the front edge of Athekey 30 isrslightly to the rear of the front end of the slots 28 and 29.

'rearwardly of the slots in which the key 30 travels. Each bracket has a transversely extending web portion 44 having a bearing member 44S slidingly receiving a yoke rod V46. The front end of each yoke rod is connected to the key 30 by a yoke plate 47. The yoke plate is welded to the front end of the 'yoke rod and has a kslot 48 tting closely around the key 30. The yoke plate is retained on the key 30 by means of pins 49 passing through the key and held in place by cotter pins 50.

A collar 51 is mounted at the forward end of each yoke rod anda compression spring, or buif return'spring, 52 surrounding the rod is compressed between the collar 51 and the front face of the bracket web portion 44. Spring 52 is thus seen to bias the yoke rod and yoke plate and with them the key 30 and housing 23 toward the full draft position.

The rear end of each yoke rod 46 is provided with a cap 53 secured to the rod by anut 54 threaded to the rearwardly projecting stud 55. Compressed between the cap and the rear face of the bracket web portion 44 is another compression spring, or draft return spring, 56. This spring surrounds the rear end of the .yokeerod and urges'the yoke rod and housing rearwardly from their full pull-out position to neutral position. The draft return spring 56 is considerably stronger than the buff return spring 52. `Since these springs are disposed in op position to each other, the point where their forces balance each other is the neutral or rest position of the draft appliance. y

When the draft appliance is moved to full buif position, as shown in Fig. 3, the yoke rod cap 53 is displaced from contact with the rear end of the draft return spring 56. The spring 56 is retained in the position Yshown by means of screw hooks 57 that hold the' front end of the spring to the web portion y44 of the bracket. With no force applied to the coupler, the bu return spring 52 moves the yoke rod and housing forwardly until the cap 53 makes contactwith the draft return spring 56;

thereafter, very slight forward compression of the draft return spring 56 will counter-'balance the forward bias of spring 52 to stop the parts in neutral position. When a strong draft lforce is applied to the coupler, spring 56 is further compressed as the housing isf pulled to the full draft position, ythe spring 52 expanding forwardly as this movement occurs;` I.' L

` The hydraulic buffer that is contained .within the .housing. 23, Ywhich vbuffer yr'nechanismwill be `described more fully hereinaftenhas a rearwardly..projectingpiston `rod or operating rod 58. The piston rod'A is held stationary with reference to the center sill so that movement ofthe yhousing willeresult in the-.desired shock-resisting `action of the buffer mechanism. Accordingly, therear end of the piston'rod'is anchored in.thefollowingmannerii` As seen in Fig. 2, the rod 58 has Yaecircumferential groove 59 near its terminus. .A horizontally split ring 60 formed of two identical half-rings surroundsY the rear end of the rod, being keyed into Athe ygroove 59,as shown. The split ring 60 provides a ange 61. .Sweated over the split ring 60 is a draft ring 62. The draft ring being con'- tracted upon the split'ring 60Jholds 'the latter securely to the end of the piston rod. The front vface 63 of the draft v ring and split ring assembly is convex Vand preferably takes the form of ya segment of a sphere. A buff disc 64', similar to the draft ring in cross-section, is secured to the draft ring 62 by screws 65. The rear face'of the'buif disc 64 is also convex and preferably provides a spherical surface having substantially the same radius of curvature as `the front face of the draft ring 62. It will be seen that -the assembly including the split ring 60, the draft v ring 62 and the bui disc 64 provides a knob atthe end of the piston rod 58,1 the knob having 'a convex front face and a convex rear face.

In contact with the forward face of the knob is a draft plate 66 having a rearward concavity complementary to and in contact with the forward face of the knob. The draft plate has a central hole 67 through which the rod 58 extends with a loose it. The front face of'the draft plate is planar. A similar bu plate 68 is in contact with the rear face of the knob. Thedraft plate 66 and buff plate 68 sandwich the knob ofthe piston rod as shown, and the platesV are urged toward each other by tension springs 69 stretched between the plates and secured thereto. 1

Transverse impact plates 70V and 71, bolted by means of bolts 72 to the side walls of the center sill, prevent longitudinal movement of the piston rod knobl and the buff Iand draft plates associated therewith. `The fore- @Meer The draft plate 66 and buff plate 68 fit looselyonthe knob assembly `and are loosely received in the space between the transverse impact plates 70`and 71. tThe pin 73flts loosely in the hole 74 as aforesaid. This loose construction permits the anchoring assembly to finda po.- sition such that the piston rod is properly aligned in the hydraulic buffer mechanism so that no undue stresses are imposed upon the hydraulic mechanism.

Referring now to Figsl4, 5, 6, 9 and l0, showing the hydraulic mechanism that -is contained in the housing 23, the piston rod 58 is shown as extending rearwardly to thefleft. `The housing 23 is approximately square in crosssection and is Vadapted to slide freely in the center sill of the -railway car. Near .the forward end of the housing is an end Wall 75. This forward end wall is positioned slightly tothe rear of the rear end of the couplershank, as canbe seenin Fig. 8. The forward wall isintegral with'or sealedtothe side wallsof the housing to' provide a fluid-'tight joint.

Spaced rearwardly from the forward vrend-wall 75 is ing cylinder-has tubular side Walls 80 closedby a fron-t going described construction firmly anchors the piston rod to the center sill., v

For purposes which will `appear more fully hereinafter, it is desired to prevent rotation of the piston rod 58. To this end a pin 73 is irmly mounted in the impact plate 70 and extends with a loose fit into a hole in the buff plate 68 and buff disc 64. The pin is positioned ot center and prevents any substantial rotation ofthe piston rod knob assembly and piston rod 58.

end wall 81 spaced-rearwardly from the partition75. The rearendof'the lworking cylinder .is closed .byl a rear end -wall 82 spaced forwardly of the rear end wall 76 of thehousing.F yThe -rear endY wall of the cylinder has a central bearing hole 83 in'iwhich the piston rod 58 slides. The piston rod 58 valso passes through a bearing 84 in the rear Vend wall 76 of Vthe housing and thence rearwardly to its anchor point. K I, Y,

. The tubular sidewall section of the working cylinderis supported bythe end walls 81 and r82., the ends of the tubular section being received incircular grooves 8S and 86 formedin the end walls 81 and 82, respectively.

. As. seen in Fig. 10, the'frontend wal1g81of the cylin- As shown in Fig. 9, the rear end wal-1 ,of the cylinder is similar to the front end wall. ,The rear end wall has radial flange portionsf89 providing holes 90 for circulationY of liquid. The rear end' wall fits loosely `in the housingy 23 so that some fluid circulation can takeplace around the periphery of the end wal1.

Anchor blocks 91 (see Figs. 4.and 5) are welded in the four forward corners ofthe chamber 78. These blocks are threaded to receive four bolts 92 that extend from ythe rear end Wall of the housing to the-anchor blocks.` The vbolts are provided with heads 93 by which they may be tightened ory loosened. TheA bolts pass zthrough suitable holes in the rear end wall 76 of the housing, through spacer sleeves 94 that space the 'rear end wall 7-6 of the housing from the rear end wall 82 of the cylinder. The bolts then pass through holes in the lian-ges 489 of the rear end wall of the cylinder, through holes in the flanges 87V in the front end wall of the cylinder, andare threaded into the anchorblocks 91.

The parts of- .the hydraulic mechanismfthus far described are easily assembled in the housing andrsecured in place by the bolts 92. f Y i A piston 95 is positioned within the cylinder 80 between its end walls, the piston rod 58 being secured to the pistonas shown in the drawings. It will be understood that the piston is fixed relative to the center sill by the anchoring of the piston rod '58 at its rear end,i as explained hereinbefore, and that the cylindeif slides relatively to the piston ask the housing 23 is reciprneated.v The draft appliancezis4 so constructed and arranged that withrthehousing in full forward position as shown Iin Fig. 4, the rear face of the piston is spaced slightly forwardly of the rear end wall 82 of the Working cylinder. l The housing is stopped, in its most forward position by abutment of the key 30 with the forward ends of the slots in the side walls of the center sill, as pointed out hereinbefore.` With the housingin its rearmost position, as shown in Figt 6, it will be seen that the front face of the piston, is spaced slightly rearwardly of the fro-nt wallrl' of they working cylinder.` Rearward movement of the housing is limited to this position by abutment of the s trikercollar Ollihelhousing with the Striker plete .26 `on the. oenter Sill. es explained hereinbefore- ,lf forward and rearward .movement of the housing 23' 4and the working cylinder were not limited as described, the end walls of the-working cylinder would Strike the piston Witureeultins.irreparable damage. to the hydraulicmechanism.

Before Proeeedng to efurther explanation of the oon-k struction and operation of the hydraulic mechanism,Y it will be desirable to describe the means Afor sealing the piston rod where it passes through the rear end wall 76 of the housing. The housing end wall bearing 8 4 (see Fig. 4), is formed inv a rearward cylindrical extension 96 of the housing end wall. The bearing 84 is sealed inf teriorly of the housing `by a rolling bellows seal designated generally fas 97. The hearing is sealed exteriorly of the housing by a bellows seal designated by the general reference numeral 98. Holes or passages 99 are provided in the housing end wall to establish communication between the space within the exterior sealing member and the space within the interior sealing member.

rlfhe interior sealing unit 97 includes a flexible sleeve member 100 surrounding the piston rod and hermetically sealed at one end to the housing end wall and at the other end to the piston rod. The end of the sleeve 100 that is sealed toV the inner side of the housing endl wall is secured to thelatter by means of a clamping ring 101 fastened to the'end wall by screws 102. The J'Oint be,- tween the sleeve clamping ring and endY wall may be made leak-proof by application of a sealing compound, preferably one, that is not aifected by toil or other hydreulie fluid in the chamber 78t Y The end of the exible sleeve 100v that is sealed to the rodis received in a split collar 103 that is carried by and Ysealed to the piston, rod. A sealing compound may be employed at the joint to ensure against leakage. e

. The action of therolling bellows seal in oneration een be visualized by .comparing Eig. 4 with.v Eig! 6,.'- As thehousing 1u lves to the rear 'from the Fig- 4 position t0 the Figo'position, the outer fold. ot the. dexible. sleeve rolls away from. the inner wall of the cylindrical exten- Sion. 96' and forms an inner fold upon the. piston. rod 58- In forward movement of the housing 23. a. reverse rolling action occurs to return the flexible sleeve to the position shown in Fig. 4.

The exterior sealing u nit SPS is of the simple bellows type including a flexible bellows sleeve 104 hermetically Sealed et its. forward end to the housing end wall and at its rearward end to the piston rod 58. Rings 1,05 are disposed within the bellows sleeve to hold the latter in transversely expended, position. The front end of the bellows sleeve 104` is secured to the housing end wall by a clamping ring 1.06; that. is Screwed to the end wall bv screws 107. A sealing compound may be used at the joint-V A flange 1.0.8,.is mounted on the piston rod .58 and sealed thereto and the rear end ofthe b 'ellowssleeye 10,!4 issecured to the ilange by a; clamping ring 109 fastened to the flange. by Screws. 1.10 Sealing compound may also be used to secure a tightV joint aty this point.

In the. enge 101i is an outwardly opennstfspringgrossed ball onecle. valveI moans 111 that is shown in enlarged detail in Fig. 13. Referring to Fig. 13, the check valve means 111 includes a port '112' communicatingrwith the interior of the bellows sealingv means. A bore 113 of larger diameter than the port 112 is provided in the flange, Shoulders 114 provide a seat 115 for the ball valve element 116. A light spring 117 normally urges the ball against the seat. The outer end of the spring bears against a ring 118 that is screwed into the threaded portion of the bore 113. A dust lter screen 119 covers the opening 120 of the ring and is' held in position by a press-iitted retainer ring 121 in the mouth of the bore 113. v

The spaces inside the sealing sleeves are partially evacuated. Such evacuation is eiected by withdrawing air Vthe spaces through ball check valve means 111 in 'preparing the draft appliance for service. AAn absolute pressure of approximately one-half Yan atmosphere is desirable within the sealing units, but this pressure may be varied considerably with pressure as low as aboutonef tenth of an atmosphere to as high as Yabout three-fourths of an atmosphere absolute being acceptable.'

I-f, during service, some air should leak into the bel lows, and the pressure should rise to a value higher than desired, the exterior bellows seal might be blown out upon violent movement ofthe housingV toward buff position. However,` the ball check valve meansfunctions to obviate this possibility. `if the absolute but sub- Vatmospheric pressure within the bellows should rise too high, movements of the draft appliance in buff will cause the check valve 111 tofopen and allowexcess airto escape. When the pressure has been lowered to a desired point, the check valve 111 closes to maintain the desired llower pressure withinthe bellows.

The tubular bellows sealing arrangement gives praci tically complete protection to the bearing 84. in which the piston rod slides. This bearing preferably lits the pistonirod with a loose sliding iit'which is made possible by the use of the novel sealing means described. Some lubricant may be included within the bellows to lubricate the bearing 84 orl it may be run dry if desired.

A modified form of piston rod sealing means is shown in Fig. 18. In this iigure, parts corresponding to. similar parts in Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are designated bythe Same but primed reference4 numerals. The operative position of the housing asshown in Fig. 18V corresponds to the operative position oiv theV housing shown in Fig. 4 wherein the housing isy in full buff position.

In the deviceof Fig. 18, the internal sealing member 97 f has a rollingsleeve 100? similar to theqsleevemember ofthe device of Fig. `4. This sleeve is secured to the rear end wall 76 by clamping ringv 101. fastenedtothe end wall by screws 102'. The end of the sleeve 100', that is hermeticallysealed to the rod is received in al groove 122 in the rod v58 and is retained in the groove by means of a ccnstricting ring 123. The. action of the sleeve 100' is similar to the action ofV thefsleeve l1001 of the. mechanism of Fig. 4.

The exterior bellows seal 98' is also of the rolling sleeve type. A cup-shaped member 124is hermetically sealed to the rod 5S' with the open end of the cup facing the rear.v end wall 76'. The rear end of the exible Sleeve 125 is sealingly secured to the rim of the `cup-shaped member 12.4 by a clamping ring 126 fastenedv tothe rim ofthe cup-shaped member by screws 121. When the housing 23' is moved in a forward direction, the ilexible sleeve 125 rollsaway flQm the, outer Side walllofthe cylindrical extension, 967' and outothe interior of the. Side wall of the cup-shaped member 124. The reverse action takes place when the housing is moved from a forward position to a rear-ward position. y Returning to consider further the working cylinder of the hydraulic mechanism, Fig. l2 shows the openings in `the working cylinder sidewall thatplirnarily control the damping action of the 'draft appliance. Four openings A128a, 128b, 128e-, 128g? are formed `in the tubular side wall 80 of the working cylinder inthe front half of the working cylinder. These openings are inclinedtoward the cylinders rear end wall S2 in a direction outwardly of the cylinder so that hydraulic fluid that is forcedl out through the openings Aby piston action is directed rearwardly for return to the working cylinder..

A similar set of openings 129a, 12911, 129C is drilled through the rear half of the side Wall 80. These holes are inclined toward the cylinders front end wall 81 in a directionoutwardly of the cylinder so that liquid expressed through them is directed forwardly to return to the forward end of the cylinder. l

Although the piston 95 is knot shown in Fig. 12, when the housing is in full forward position or in neutral position, the piston covers the openings 129e, 129b, 129e. Also, when the housing is in full buff position, the piston covers the openings 128a, 128b, 128e, 128d. Thus, the openings in the forward half of the cylinder control movement of the working cylinder and housing in buff, and the openings in the rear half of the cylinder control movement of the cylinder and housingk in draft.

The cross-sectional areas of the holes 128 gradually diminish from rear to front. Similarly, the cross-sectional. areas of the holes 129 gradually diminish from front to rear. With the housing in full pull-out position and the piston covering the openings 129, if the housing is moved suddenly rearwardly as a result of coupling impact, for example, the openings 128 are progressively closed by the piston from rear to front. The initial resistanceto movement of therhousing is relativelysmall compared to the resistance near the end of the rearward stroke but rapidly builds up as the cylinder slides rearwardly and the openings 128 are progressively closed `by the piston to reduce the aggregate outlet area in the forward end of the cylinder.

A similar action occurs when the housing is inrfull buff position and is suddenly pulled forwardly as by the starting of a train. The cylinder moves forwardly over the piston to progressively close the openings 129.1, 129b, 129e and to progressively increase resistance to forward movement of the cylinder and housing. Although only one line of openings 128 and'129 is shown ingFig'. 12, it will be understood that a plurality of such openings may be provided depending upon the requirements of the hydraulic mechanism. A second set of openings 129 is indicated by way of example in Fig. 9 at the right-hand side of the cylinder. Y

Referring to Fig. 4, inwardly opening check valves 130 areprovided in the front and rear end Walls of the working cylinder. These check valves open as they are moved away from the piston and are closed as they are moved `towards the piston as the housing 23 slides in the center sill. These check valves provide principal channels for the return flow of hydraulic uid to the end of the cylinder that is moved away from the piston; Opening of the valves relieves any tendency to pull a vacuum in the end of the working cylinder that is moving away from the pis# ton. The valves also prevent undue. build `up of pressure in the chamber 78 surrounding the working cylinder by providing return ow channels for liquid expressed from the opposite end of the working cylinder. The total crosssectional area of the openings of check valves 130 is large enough to accommodate flow of all liquid expressed from the opposite end of the cylinder without creating substantial back pressure. To this end, the aggregate port area of each valve 130 must -be at least as large as the aggregate of the openings in the side wall of the 4cylinder in the end thereof opposite to the particular check valve. Preferably, the total cross-sectional area of the ports of the valves is greater than this to accommodate return flow of any uid leaking from the opposite end of the cylinder and also return flow from certain relief valves to lbe described hereinafter.

The detailed construction of the valve 1 30 in the front end wall of the working cylinder is `best seen in Figs. 10

- .10 v and 11 to which reference is now made. Valve ports 131 are drilled through the front end wall 81 ofthe cylinder. As seen in Fig. 10, these vports are eight-in number and are arranged circularly. The ports 131 are closed by a valve ring 132. The valve ring has pins 133 sliding in bores 134 and extending into counterbores 135 in the cylinder end wall 81. Each pin has at .its inner end a collar 136. A compression spring 137 acting between the pin collar 136 and the inner end of the counterbore 135 serves to urge the pin and valve ring into position to close the ports 131. Springs 137 are of such size that they will yield easily to allow the valve ring 132 to uncover the ports 131 as the end wall 81 moves away from the piston. The check valve 130 in the rear end wall 82 of the working cylinder is identical to the check valve in the front end wall 81.

It may happen that excessive impact o'r draft forces sometimes are encountered in service that would exceed the strength of the working cylinder having only the permanently-open side wall openings 128 and 129. Pressure relief valves may be provided in the side wall and end walls of the workingV cylinder to relieve excessive pressures within the working cylinder. One set of such pressure relief valves in the forward end wall 81 of the working cylinder is shown in YFigs. 10 and ll. Pressure relief valve ports 138 having ball valve seats .139 are providedin the front end wall 81 of the working cylinder. Ball valve elements 140 are seated in the seats 139.` A leaf spring 141 has its ends resting on the balls 140, the spring being fastened at its mid-point to the end wall S1 by a screw 142. The Weight of the spring is so selected that the balls 140 are urged intoV valve closing position by a pre-determined force. This force may be varied by applying shims between the spring and the end wall where the spring is fastened to the end wall.

Fig. l5 shows a similar pairof pressure relief valves in the side wall of the working cylinder. VHere the pressure relief valve port 138 is positioned about oneiifth of the length ofthe cylinder rearwardly from the forward end wall thereof and the pressure relief valve port 138" is positioned about one-seventh of the length of the cylinder forwardly of the rear end wall 82.

In Fig. 14, showing alternative locations for the pressure relief valve ports, the ports 138'" are positioned in the side wall 80 of the working cylinder close to the front and rear end walls thereof, respectively.

The pressure relief valves in the side and end walls of the working cylinder are preferably adjusted to open at different pressures within the working cylinder. By way of example, the valve 140 of Fig. 15 may be set to open at 6,000 lbs. per square inch; the valve 140 of Fig. 15 may be set to open at 7,000 lbs. per square inch cylinder pressure; the valves 140'", Fig. 14, may be set to open at 9,000 lbs. per square inch; and the forward end wall pressure relief valves 140, Fig. 11, may be set to open at 10,000 lbs..per square inch pressure in the working cylinder. p

As mentioned earlier in this description, the piston rod anchor is locked against turning by means of an olf-center pin 73 extending from the transverse impact plate 70 into the anchor knob assembly. lSince the piston rod is prevented from rotating, so also the piston is prevented Vfrom rotating since it is securely mounted on the rod. The purpose of this construction will become apparent as the description, with reference to Figs. 16 and 17, proceeds.

As seen in Fig. 17, the piston is in the position it occupies when the draft appliance is in neutral or rest position. It will be seen that a volume of hydraulic fluid is trapped between the piston 95 and the rear end wall 82 of the cylinder. Remembering that the housing 23 may'move forwardly a slight distance from neutral f position to the point Wherel the key 30 strikes the front ends of the slots 28 in the side walls of the center sill, a construction is provided to permit escape of the trapped hydraulic fluid during this last increment of forward 11 movement of thehousing and to throttley the escaping fiuid to provide a cushioning action in the starting of a train of cars .embodyingjthe draft appliance of the invention. To this end, the periphery of piston 95 is provided with a groove having a blind terminal portion 143 extending parallelto the ldirection of piston movement for a distance slightly greater than the distance from the piston to the :rear end wall 82 when the parts are inV neutral position as seen in Fig. 17. The terminal portion of the groove registers with a port 144 in the side wall 80 of the cylinder, the left-hand end of the terminal portion of the groove being in registry with Vthe port 144 when the parts are in the illustrated position. The groove has a peripherally extending portion 145 that merges into another longitudinal groove portion 146 that is arcuately olf-set from the -terminal portion 143. The arcuate- 1y `olf-set groove vportion 146 opens at 147 in the face of the piston adjacent the rear end wall 82. lt will be seen that fluid trapped between the piston 95 and the 'end wall 82 may escape from the end of the cylinder Vsolely through the groove opening 147, the oit-set portion 346 of the groove, the arcuately extending groove section 145 and the port 144 to the chamber that surrounds the working cylinder. This channel of communication is maintained open as the cylinder moves from left to right as seen in Fig. 17, sincethe port 144 stays in registry with the blind terminal portion 143 of the grooveuntil the cylinder reaches its most forward position. As the cylinder is moved to the left from the position shown in Fig. 17, the port 144 rides `over a solid part of the periphery of the piston Aand the port is inoperative during this part of 'the stroke. The port 144 thus is seen to control the buer action of the hydraulic mechanism during vthe increment of movement of the housing and associated parts fromneutral position to full forward position when the openings 129 are closed by the piston 25.

As has been discussed hereinbefore, the space within the housing chamber 7S and the space within the wor-lring cylinder are completely filled with a non-compressible hydraulic fluid such `as lubricating oil. Means is provided within the chamber 78 for compensating volume changes within the housing `occasioned by piston rod displacement and also changes due to temperature variations which cause expansion and contraction of the hydraulic duid and the metal parts of the hydraulic mechanism. It will be seen that, as the lpiston rod 58 enters the chamber 78 on the instroke of the housing 23, the effective internal volume of the chamber '78 is diminished. Conversely, the chamber volume yis increased as the piston rod emerges upon forward movement of 'the draft appliance. A vacuum filled compensating unit 148 is placed in the chamber 78 in the forward end thereof. This compensating unit is similar to that disclosed in my prior copending applications referred to hereinbefore. lt includes a base plate 149 that may lbe approximately square in cross-section and that can be inserted in the housing from the open end thereof during assembly of the apparatus. The base -plate may be staked or otherwise suitably secured in the position `illustrated in Figs. 4 to 6.

The compensating unit has an expansible and contractible bellows section 158 hermetically sealed to the base plate by a clamping ring ll fastened to the base plate by screws 152. The compensating unit has a cover plate 153 to which the other end lof the bellows is hermetically sealedl by clamping ring 154. Within the Icompensating unit andcompressed lbetween the base plate 149 and cover plate 153 is a compression spring 155. This spring may be wound in the form of a truncated cone to telescope in compression to permit maximum collapse of the compensating unit as pressure of the surrounding hydraulic fluid increases. Moreover, the spring 155 is non-linear in reaction; that is to say, initial increments of compressional force applied to it will result in axial displacements that are relatively large compared to the axial displacements resulting from the application of subsequent increments of compressional force; the application of the latter results in ever decreasing increments of axial displacement. An expander ring 156 holds the side Walls of the bellows 150' outwardly against radial collapse.

The interior of the compensating unit is substantially evacuated. Although the absolute pressure within the compensating unit may vary, it has been found that a high degree of vacuum or low absolute gas pressure within the compensating unit is highly desirable in order that the compensating unit may be substantially insensitive to temperature variations. The Vpressure within the compensating unit may be of the order of l" of mercury absolute although it may be somewhat higher without increasing the sensitivity of the unit to temperature changes.

Under approximately one atmosphere vof pressure absolute on the exterior of the compensating unit, and with an absolute pressure within the unit of l of mercury absolute, the spring 155 holds the unit extended in approximately the configuration shown in Fig. 4. in other words, the compensating unit would appear as shown in Fig. 4 when assembled and under an external pressure of one atmosphere. When the draft appliance is in the full buff position as shown in Fig. 6, the volume `of the chamber 78 has been decreased. In order to compensate for this decrease in chamber volume, the compensating unit co1- lapses to the position shown in Fig. 6. Such collapse occurs without substantially increasing the pressure within the chamber. Since the space Within the compensating unit is substantially evacuated, there is no gas to compress and the sole increase in static pressure in the chamber 78 is occasioned by compression of the spring i55.

Although the operation of the draftrappliance of the present invention should be clear from Vthe foregoing detailed description, such operation may be summarized Vbrieiiy as follows.

Let us rst consider the Voperation of the `draft appliance in coupling a car equipped with the appliance into a` train. In this operation, the car to be coupled into the train is ordinarily allowed to coast down an inclined track and to strike the rear of a standing train of cars that is being made up. The Vcoupling impact is severe and oftentimes results in damage to the car or its draft gear or lading.

Assuming that the moving car is equipped with a draft appliance in accordance withthe present invention, the draft appliance prior to coupling will be in theneutral position illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. In this position the piston is in the position shown in Fig. 17 which is slightly forward of its position as shown in Fig. 4. Upon impact with the rear car of .the train being made up, the housing 23 isforced suddenly rearwardly in the Vcenter sill 20. Referring to Fig. 4, check valve vin the front wall of the working cylinder closes and check valve i3d in the rear wall of the working cylinder opens. Hydraulic fluid is forced out of the working cylinder into the chamber 78 through the openings 128. Fluid' flowing from the openings 128 flows rearwardly in the chamber 78 directed by the inclination of the holes 128. The check valve 13d in the rear end Wall of the cylinder being open, the end of the cylinder behind the piston is being lled with hydraulic iluid as the cylinder slid'es rearwardly over the piston. The total area of the check valve ports is sufficient to prevent cavitation in this end of the cylinder, this cross-sectional area being as great as and preferably greater than the aggregate cross-'sectional area of the openings 128. Y

As the draft appliance movesrearwardly, the piston rod 58 moves into the chamber 78 reducing its volume and tending to increase static pressure of fluid that 'completely lls the chamber v'78. Howevenfluid Vthus displaced collapses the compensating unit 148 tothe degree I draft appliance is so designed that under ordinary conditions of coupling, the cylinder falls short of reaching its full inward position. However, should an extraordinarily high impact occur, the full inward position of the housing will be reached and a further movement of the housing will be stopped by abutment of the striker collar on the housing with the striker plate 26 on the center sill.

In starting a train having a car equipped with one of Vthe draft appliances of the invention, the engineer willI back the locomotive to take the slack out of the train. In so doing, the draft appliance of the invention is pushed' rearwardly to its full buff position shown generally in Fig. 3. The parts of the hydraulic buffer mechanism will assume the positions shown in Fig. 6, with the piston 95 closing the openings 128 in the side wall of the cylinder. In starting the car in question, draft forces are applied to the coupler 33 to move the housing 23 forwardly in the center sill. Referring to Fig. 6, check valve 130 in the rear end wall 82 is-closed and' check Valve 130 in the front cylinder wall 81 is opened. Hydraulic fluid is forced out of the openings 129 in the rear end of the cylinder and fluid thus displaced into the chamber 78 returns to the forward end of the cylinder through the now open check-valve 130. Because of the more gradual, steady pull encountered in starting a train, the openings 129 are generally fewer in number and have an aggregate cross-sectional varea less than the openings 128 which control impact movement. As the housing 23 moves forwardly in the center sill, the piston rod 58 is drawn out of the housing to increase the volume `of the chamber 78. Such increase yin1volume is `compensated for by appropriate expansion of the compensating means 148. Under continuous pull, the draft appliance will be fully extended and'limited in its forward movement by abutment of the key with the forward end of the slots 28 in the side wall of the center sill. In this position draft forces are applied to 4the car through the key 30 pulling directly on the center sill. Y v

Ifthe train should be started with the draft` appliance in neutral position and without first taking the slack out of the train, the draft forces will be cushioned by hydraulic iiuid iiowing through the port 144 asexplained in connection with the description of Figs. 16 and 17 ,hereinbefore Y From the foregoing description, i-t will be seen that the present invention provides a railway draft appliance that accomplishes the aims and objects of the invention. Various modifications will occur to persons merely skilled in the art without departing from the'spirit and scope of the invention. I claim: f

l. In a railway car having a center sill and the like, a draft appliance comprising: a housing supported in and slidable longitudinally in said center sill, said housing enclosing a double-acting hydraulic buffer mechanism having a longitudinally disposed cylinder member, a piston member in said cylinder-member slidable longitudinally with respect to said cylinder member through a preselected working stroke, one of said members being anchored to said'housing andthe other of said members having an operating rod extending rearwardly from the housing; anchor means ixedly mounting a rearwardly extending part of said operating rod tosaid center sillpreventing longitudinal movement of said rod with respect to saidrsill; complementary stop means carried -by said housing and said center sill limiting forward and rearward movement of said housing in said center sill, said stop means'being longitudinally spaced apart a distance equal to the length of said working stroke, said stop means being positioned to permit longitudinal movement through said working stroke of the member anchored to said housing; andmeans for applying bui and draft forces to said housing.

2. In a railway car having al center sill and the like, a draft appliance comprising: a housing supported in and slidable longitudinally in said center sill, said housing having a portion extending forwardly of said center sill, said housing enclosing a double-acting hydraulic buffer mechanism having an operating rodextending rearwardly from the housing; anchor means -xedly mounting a rearwardly extending part of said operating rod to said center sill preventing longitudinal movement of said rod with respect to said sill; opposed longitudinally extending slot means in said center sill; a key fixed to said housing, said key extending through said slot means and limiting forward movement of said housing by abutment =with the forward ends of said slot means; a striker plate carried by said center sill at its forward end; a striker collar xed to the forwardly extending portion of said housing and being positioned to limit rearward movement of said housing by abutment with said striker plate; and means for applying buif and draft forces to said housing.

3. In the combination defined in claim 2, resilient means exterior to said housing acting between said center sill and saidhousing urging said housing forwardly in said center sill.

4. In the combination defined in claim 2, rst resilient means exterior to said housing acting between said center sill yand saidhousing urging said housing forwardly in said center sill and second resilient means exterior to said housing and stronger than said first resilient means acting'between said center sill and said housing in a direction opposite to said first resilient means and urging said housing rearwardly in said center sill from its most forward position to an intermediate position only. f

V5. In a railway car having a center sill and the like, a draft appliance comprising: a housing supported in and slidable longitudinally in said center sill, said housing having a portion extending forwardly of said center sill,

said housing enclosing a hydraulic buffer mechanism having an operating rod extending rearwardly from the housing; anchor means mounting the rearward end of said operating rod to-said center sill; opposed longitudinally extending slot means in said center sill; a key fixed to said housing, said key extending through said slot means and limiting forward movement of said housing by abutment with the forward ends of said slot means; a striker plate carried by said center sill at its forward end; a striker collar fixedv to the forwardly extending portion of said housing and being positioned to limit rearward movement of said housing by abutment with said striker plate; apair of brackets, one mounted on each side of said' center sill rearwardly of said slots; a pair of longitudinally extending yoke rods, one fixed to each side of said key, each rod being slidably supported in one of said brackets; first spring means acting between said brackets and said yoke rods urging said yoke rods forwardly throughout the scope of movement of said housing; second spring means stronger than said first spring means acting between said brackets and said yoke rods in a direction opposite toV said first spring means and only from the most forward position of said housing to an intermediate position thereof; and means for applying buff and draft forces to said housing. p

Y 6. In a railway car having a center sill and the like, a draft appliance comprising: a housing -supported in and slidable longitudinally in said center sill, said housing having( a' portion extending forwardly of saidV center sill,

. said housing enclosing a hydraulic Ybuffer mechanism Vhaving an operating rod extending rearwardly from the longitudinally extending slot means in said center sill; akey fixed to said housing, said key extending through said slot means and limiting forward movement of said housing by abutment with the forward ends of said slot means; a striker plate carried by said center sill at its forward end; a striker collar fixed to the forward' end of said housing and being positioned to limit rearward movement of said housing by abutment with said striker plate; and a coupler having a shank providing a transverse opening therethrough, said coupler being disposed with its coupling elements positioned forwardly of said y-housing and with its shank extending into the forward end of said housing, said key passing loosely through the opening in said shank, the rear wall of said opening engaging the rear of said key whereby draft forces applied to said coupler are transmitted to said housing solely through said key.

7. In the combination defined in claim 6, a collar on the shank of `said coupler positioned forwardly of said striker collar, the distance from the rear wall of the opening in said shank to the rear face of said shank collar being greater than the distance from the rear of said key to the front facel of said striker collar, and the distance from the front wall of the opening in said shank to the rear `face of said shank collar being less than the distance from the front of said key to the front face of said striker collar, whereby draft forces applied to said coupler are transmitted to said housing solely through said key and buff forces applied to said coupler are transmitted to said housing solely through said shank collar.

8. In the combination deiined in claim 6, a collar on the shank of said coupler positioned forwardly of said striker collar, the distance from the rear wall of the opening in said shank to the rear face of said shank collar being greater than the distance from the rear of said key to the front face of said striker collar, and' the distance from the front wall of the opening in said shank to the rear face of said shank collar being less than the distance from the front of said key to the front face of said striker collar, whereby draft forces applied to said coupler are transmitted to said housing solely through 'said key and buff forces applied to said coupler are transmitted to said housing solely through said Shank collar, said coupler being pivotable about said key in the plane thereof, the front face of said striker collar and the rear face of said' shank collar being substantially cylindrically curved about the pivot axis of said coupler.

9. in a Arailway car having a center sill and the like, a draft appliance comprising: a housing supported in and slidable longitudinally in said lcenter sill, said housing enclosing a double-acting hydraulic butTer mechanism having a longitudinally disposed cylinder member, a piston member in said cylinder member slidable longitudinally with respect to said cylinder member through a preselected working stroke, one of said members being anchored to said housing and the other of said members having an operating rod extending rearwardly from the housing; anchor means mounting the rear end of said operating rod to said center sill, said anchor means including a knob carried by the rear end of said operating rod, said knob having a convex rear surface and a convex front surface, a buff plate having a concave surface complementary to and vin contact with the rear face of said knob, a Vdraft `plate having a concave surface complementary to and in contact with the front face of said knob, and transverse members mounted to said center sill restraining said plates from longitudinal movement; complementary stop means carried by said housing and said center sill limiting forward `and rearward movement of said housing in said center sill, said stop means being 1ongitudinally spaced apart a distance equal to the length of said working stroke, said stop means being positioned to permit longitudinal movement through said working stroke of the member anchored to said housing; and means forv applying buit and draft forces to -said housing.

l0. In the combination defined in claim 9, resilient means connected between said buff plate and said draft plate urging the plates towards each other to grip said knob therebetween. p A

l1. A shock-resisting hydraulic mechanism for railway car draft gear and the like comprising: an elongated housing including integral side walls, an integral end wall and a removable end wall sealingly engaging said side walls opposite to said integral end wall; a cylinder within said housing having side walls and end walls spaced respectively from the side Walls and' end walls of said housing, the end walls of said cylinder having flanges projecting radially beyond the side walls of said cylinder, a piston reciprocable within said cylinder; a piston rod connected to said piston and extending to the exterior through an end wall of said cylinder and sealingly through an end wall of said housing; rst spacer means disposed within said housing between the integral end wall thereof and the 'adjacent end wall of said cylinder, second spacer means extending between the removable end wall of said housing and the other end wall of said cylinder; and `adjustable fastening members extending through said cylinder flanges and acting in tension betwen said removable end wall and said housing to draw together said removable end wall, lsaid spacer means and said cylinder.

12. A shock-resisting hydraulic mechanism for railway vcar draft gear and the like comprising: an elongated housing including integral side walls, an integral end wall and a removable end wall slidably and sealingly engaging said side walls opposite to said integral end wall, said housing providing a chamber substantially rectangular in transverse section; a cylinder in said chamber having side walls and end walls spaced respectively from the side walls and end Walls of said housing, the end walls of said cylinder having ilanges projecting radially beyond the side walls of said cylinder and slidably engaging the side walls of said housing, theside walls of said cylinder being in the form `of a Vtubular section extending between the cylinder end Walls; a `piston reciprocable within said cylinder; a piston rod connected to said piston and extending to the exterior vthrough an end wall of said cylinder and sealingly through said removable end Wall of said housing; anchor blocks disposed in and secured to said housing between the integral end Wall thereof and the adjacent end wall of said cylinder with said adjacent end wall abutting said anchor blocks; spacer sleeves extending between the removable end wall of said housing and the other end wall of said cylinder; and bolts extending through saidremovable end wall, said spacer sleeves and said cylinder flanges and being threadedly received in said anchor blocks, whereby, when said bolts are tightened, said spacer sleeves and said cylinder end Vwalls and tubular section are clamped together between said removable end wall and said anchor blocks.

13. A shock-resisting hydraulic mechanism comprising: a housing; ya cylinder having end and side walls mounted in said housing and providing a chamber between said cylinder and said housing; a piston reciprocable in said cylinder between its end walls; a piston rod connected to said piston and reciprocably extending to the exterior through one of the end walls of said cylinder and sealingly through said housing; one end of said cylinder at one side of said piston providing openings communicating the interior of said one end of said cylinder with said chamber; and check valve-means in the other end of the cylinder at the other side of said piston including port means in the wall of `said cylinder communicating the interior of said other end of said cylinder with said chamber and a valve member inside said cylinder, said valve member moving outwardly to' close said port means and inwardly to open the same, the aggregate cross-sectional area of said port means being at least as great as the aggregate cross-sectional area of the openings in said one end of said cylinder. i

14. A shock-resisting hydraulic mechanism comprising: a housing; a cylinder having end and side walls mountedV Y tending peripheral sur-face in sliding contact with the side in said housing and providing a chamber betweensaid Y' cylinder and said housing; a piston reciprocable in said cylinder between its end walls; a piston rod connected to said piston and reciprocably extending to the ,exterior through one of the end walls of said cylinder and sealingly throughsaid housing; one end of said cylinder providing a first group of Vopenings through the side wall of said cylinder communicating the interior of said one end of said cylinder with said chamber, the other end of said cylinder Yproviding a second group of openings through the side wall of saidcylinder communicating the interior of said other 'end of said cylinder with said chamber; first inwardly opening check valve means in the end wall of said cylinder at said one end thereof having ports with an aggregate cross-sectional area at least as great as the aggregate cross-sectional area of the group of openings at said other end of said cylinder; and second inwardly opening check valve means in the end wall of said cylinder at said other end thereof having ports with an aggregate cross-sectional area atv least as great as the aggregate cross-sectional area of the openings at said one end of said cylinder.

1.5. A shock-resisting hydraulic mechanism as defined in claim 14 wherein the openings of said first group areV inclined outwardly toward said other end of said cylinder andthe openings of said second group are inclined outwardly toward said one end of said cylinder.

16. A shock-resisting hydraulic mechanism as defined in claim 14 wherein pressure relief valve means are provided in the side walls of said cylinder, said valve means including means providing a passage through the side wall of the cylinder; a member in said passage closing the same and movable to openvsaid passage in response to fluid pressure differential across said side wall; and resilient means biasing said member to said closed position.

17. A shock-resisting hydraulic mechanism comprising: a housing; a cylinder having end and side walls mounted in said housing and providing a chamber between said cylinder and said housing; a piston reciprocable in said cylinder between its end walls; a piston rod connected to said piston and reciprocably extending to the exterior through one of the end walls of said cylinder and housing; expansible and contractible sealing means surrounding said piston rod internally and externally of said chamber and connecting said rod to -the end wall of said housing; orifice means providing communication between the spaces within said sealing means; and outwardly opening check valve means communicating the space within said external sealing means with the surrounding atmosphere.

18. A shock-resisting mechanism as defined in claim 17 wherein the space within said sealing means is at subatmospheric pressure. i

19. A shock-resisting mechanism as defined in claim 17 wherein said external sealing means comprises a cupshaped member carriedrby said piston rod'with the open end of the cup facing the housing; and'a flexible sleeve secured between the open end of said cup-shaped member and the end wall of the housing, said sleeve being adapted to roll on the interior surface of said cup-shaped-member as said piston rod is reciprocated.

20. A shock-resisting mechanism as defined in claim 17 wherein said internal sealing means comprises a cylindrical extension of the end wall of said housing; Aand a flexible sleeve secured between ythe inner end of said cylindrical extension and said piston rod, said vsleeve being adapted to roll on the interior surface of said cylindrical .im

extension as said piston rod is reciprocated. Y

21. In a shock-resisting hydraulic mechanism including a cylinder having side walls and an end wall and a piston reciprocable in said cylinder to and from a point adjacent to said end wall, said piston having a'longitudinally exwalls of said cylinder, the improvement which comprises: said piston providing a groovein the periphery thereof, said grooveopening at one end into the face of the piston adjacentsaid'end wall vand terminating at the other end in a blind terminal portion extending parallel tothe direction of piston movement for a preselected distance, the terminal portionY of said groove being arcuately displaced from the remainder of said groove; andthe sidewall of said cylinder providing a port therethroughvpositioned to register with the ,terminal portion of said groove. n

v22. In a railway car havinga center sill extending longitudinally of the car, said center sill havingropposed parallehlongitudinal walls defining a space of rectangular transverse cross-section, -a-draft appliance comprising: a housing slidable longitudinally in said center sill on opposed parallel longitudinal housing faces slidablyengaging the longitudinal walls of said center sill, said housing enclosing a double-acting hydraulic buffer mechanism having a longitudinally disposed cylinder member, a piston member in said cylinder member slidable longitudinally with respect' to said cylinder member through a preselected working stroke, one of said members being vanchored to said housing and the other of said members having an operating rod extending rearwardly from the housing; anchor means rixedly mounting a rearwardly extending part of said operating rod to said center sill preventing longitudinal movement Aof said rod with respect to said sill; complementary stop'means carried by said housing and said center sill limiting forward and rearward movement of said housing in said center sill, said stop means being longitudinally spaced apart a distance. equal to the length of said working stroke, said stop means being positioned to permit longitudinal movement through said working stroke of the member anchored to said housing; and means for applying buif and draft forces to said housing.

23. In a railway car having center sill extending longitudinally of the car, said center sill having opposed parallel longitudinal walls defining a space of rectangular transverse cross-section, a draft appliance comprising: a housing slidable longitudinally in said center sill on opposed parallel longitudinal housing faces slidably engaging the longitudinal walls of said center sill; said housing having a portion extending forwardly of said center sill,

said housing enclosing a hydraulic buffer mechanism having an operating rod extending rearwardly from the hous- `ing; anchor means mounting the rearward end of said operating rod to said center sill; opposed longitudinally extending slot means in said center sill; a key fixed to said housing, said key extending through said slot means and limiting forward movement of said housing by abutment rwith the forward ends of said slot means; a striker plate carried by said center `sill at its forward end; a striker collar fixed to the forwardly extending portion of said housing and being positioned to limit rearward movement v of said housing by abutment with said striker plate;'a

pairof brackets, one mounted on each side of said center sill rearwardly of said slots; a pair of longitudinally extending yoke rods, one xed to each side of said key, each rod being slidably supported in one of said brackets; lirst Aspring means acting between said brackets and said yoke rods urging said yoke roads forwardly throughout the scope of movement of said housing; second spring means stronger than said rst spring means acting bea tween said brackets and said yoke rods in a direction opposite to said first spring means and only from the most forward position of Ysaid housing to an intermediate position thereof; and means for applying buff and draftA forces to said housing.

24. In a railway car having a center sill extending longitudinally of the car, said center sill having opposed parallel longitudinal walls defining a space of rectangular transverse cross-section, a draft appliance comprising:V

a .housing slidable longitudinally in said center sill on `19 opposed parallel longitudinal housing yfaceshslidingly engaging the longitudinal walls of said center sill; a 'ylinder having end and side walls mounted in said housing and 'providing a `chamber between said cylinder and said housing; arpiston recprocable in said cylinder between its Vend Walls; a piston rod connected to said piston and reciprocably extending vto the exterior through one of fth'ee'nd Walls of said cylinder and sealingly through said hou-sing; one end of said cylinder at one side of said piston broyiding openings communicating the :interior of said one end f said cylinder with said chamber; and check valve means in the other end of the cylinder at the other side of said piston including portmeans in the Wall of said cylinder communicating the interior of said other end of said cylinder with said chamber and a Valve member inside saidcylnden'saidvalve member moving outwardly to close said port means and .inwardly to open the` same, theraggregate `cross-sectional aeajof said port means being at least as .great as the laggregate crosssectional area of the openings in said one end of said cylinder. Y

References erred in 'the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,494,135 yRobinson et al. May 31, 1924 1,772,387 `lnliol'rvsam v Aug. 5, 1930 `2,816,670 EdWaidS t al DSC. 17, v19.57 

